Fluorosis definition, an abnormal condition caused by excessive intake of fluorides, characterized in children by discoloration and pitting of the teeth and in adults by pathological bone changes. Fluorosis index department of public health dentistry 10 the fluorosis index set criteria for categorization of dental fluorosis on a 7 point scale. Presentation outline introduction prevalence of fluorosis causes and risk factors mechanism of fluorosis symptoms diagnosis prevention and control introduction. Primary dentine fluorosis and enamel fluorosis can only happen during tooth formation, so fluoride exposure occurs in childhood. Although the layered architecture pattern does not specify the number and types of layers that must exist in the pattern, most layered architectures consist of four standard layers. Common causes of fluorosis include inhalation of fluoride dustsfumes by workers in industry, consumption of fluoride from drinking water levels of fluoride in excess of levels that are considered safe, and consumption of fluoride from drinking tea, particularly brick tea. Epidemiology of flourosis and situation in gujarat authorstream presentation. It is a public health problem caused by excess intake of fluoride through drinking waterfood productsindustrial pollutants over a long period. The consumption of water with a high fluorine concentration more than 11. Skeletal fluorosis is a chronic metabolic bone disease caused by ingestion of large amounts of fluoride through either water or food in geographic areas where. A software architecture is an abstract view of a software system distinct from the details of implementation, algorithms, and data representation. Age 19 mdctderived trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture scans. Dental fluorosis is the appearance of faint white lines or streaks on the teeth that only occurs when younger children consume too much fluoride, from any source, over long periods when teeth are developing under the gums. In some cases, the business layer and persistence layer are combined into a single business layer.
Fluorosis in india endemic fluorosis is prevalent in india since 1937. Oct 07, 2019 since the 1930s, dentists have rated the severity of fluorosis using the following categories. Pdf background fluoride is needed for the normal development of bone and teeth. Free engineer powerpoint template is an engineering presentation template with an image of an engineer working on a computer with cad software. Architecture and design arts asian and pacific studies business and. In the moderate and severe forms of fluorosis, the enamels porosity increases to such an extent that the teeth can begin to erode and crumble. Mild fluorosis is characterized by opaque lines following the perikymata. Best powerpoint templates download your favorites today. Dentists generally use the dean index to diagnose the severity of a childs fluorosis.
Oct 26, 20 dental fluorosis comes in various stages of severity. An abnormal condition caused by excessive intake of fluorine, characterized chiefly by mottling of the teeth. Although fluorosis once established is irreversible but it can be prevented through simple interventions. While the dean index is still widely used in surveys of fluorosis including the cdcs national surveys of fluorosis in the united states dental researchers have developed more finely tuned diagnostic scales.
Fluorosis is a disease caused by deposition of fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of the body. Architecture powerpoint templates w architecturethemed. The damage occurs as the enamel is developing in the young child. It results in major health disorders like dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis and nonskeletal fluorosis. Evaluating the use of fluorescent imaging for the quantification of. This usually requires handson work in terms of developing prototypes, contributing code or evaluating technologies. It has been estimated that the total population consuming drinking water containing elevated levels of fluoride is over 66 million. Enamel fluorosis has a white opaque appearance which is due to the surface of the enamel being hypomineralised. You thought when you finished university, you said goodbye to presentations forever. The severity of the condition is dependent on the dose, duration, and age of the. Dental fluorosis, also termed mottling of the tooth enamel is caused by excessive exposure to fluoride. Fluoride toxicity, elevated levels of the fluoride ion in the body. Oct 26, 20 although fluorosis once established is irreversible but it can be prevented through simple interventions.
What is the mechanism of toxicity for fluoride causing. Endemic fluorosis resulting from high fluoride concentration in groundwater is a public health problem in india. Fluorosis ravi rohilla community medicine pgims rohtak. The role of a software architect includes collaborative working. When scoring, start at the higher end of the index i. Pdf the effect of fluorosis on human teeth under light microscopy. Fluorosis, chronic intoxication with fluorine usually combined with some other element to form a fluoride that results in changes in the skeleton and ossification of tendons and ligaments. Fluorosis ravi rohilla community medicine pgims rohtak 2. If fluorosis is present then decide on the two most severely affected teeth. Fluorosis, a public health problem is caused by excess intake of fluoride through drinking waterfood productsindustrial emission over a long period. Spotted, discolored teeth are common into adulthood. Wang w, kong l, zhao h, dong r, li j, jia z, et al.
The vast majority of cases are mild, and only about 2% are considered moderate. Although no numbers were used it was considered to be on an ordinal scale. While software architecture is responsible for the skeleton and the highlevel infrastructure of a software, the software design is responsible for the code level design such as, what each module is doing, the classes scope, and the functions purposes, etc. Dental fluorosis is a common disorder, characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation it appears as a range of visual changes in enamel causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth. Introduction fluorosis is a crippling disease resulted from deposition of fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of body. Endemic fluorosis resulting from high fluoride concentration in groundwater is a public health problem in india 8. After 8 years, risk of fluorosis is essentially past. The way that software components subroutines, classes, functions, etc. With an aim to prevent and control fluorosis cases, government of india initiated the national programme for prevention and control of fluorosis nppcf as a new health initiative in 200809. A systems software architecture is widely regarded as one of the most important software artifacts. But now, as an architect, youre standing up in front of a group of strangers at least a couple of times a month, whether its presenting project ideas to a client, giving updates to a board, presenting at a conference, trying to win over a council, or lecturing to a room of hungover students. Fluorosis index department of public health dentistry 9 9. The layered software architecture describes the software architecture of autosar. Contents introduction magnitude of fluorosis world and india epidemiological triad permissible limits of fluoride clinical picture and tests treatment and prevention community fluorosis index methods for removaldefluoridation nalgonda technique references.
Exposure to fluoride in optimum amounts about one part per million of fluoride to water is claimed to be. Aws architecture diagrams are used to describe the design, topology and deployment of applications built on aws cloud solutions. Fluorosis can occur at any age however the tolerance does not peek until age 14 when the permanent teeth have fully developed. This document does not contain requirements and is informative only. Oct 07, 2019 fluorosis affects nearly one in every four americans ages 6 to 49.
How fluorosis is crippling india and needs urgent attention. Data on intakes from water, other beverages, selected foods, dietary fluoride. Once teeth break through the gums, you cannot develop fluorosis fluorosis isnt a disease and doesnt affect the health of your teeth. Fluorosis article about fluorosis by the free dictionary. Fluorosis definition of fluorosis by medical dictionary. Dental fluorosis comes in various stages of severity. Canvas free presentation software gives you access to hundreds of beautifully designed layouts to create presentations on any topic. The subject should be examined in the upright position, with the examiner facing the subject with his or her back to the light window. A major cause of fluorosis is the inappropriate use of fluoridecontaining dental products such as toothpaste and mouth rinses. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum as a result of fluorosis causing myelopathy. Use this darkcolored modern architecture presentation template to aid you in any businessrelated venture you might need it for. The treatment options for fluorosis are varied depending upon individual cases. Exposure, prevention and management introduction dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel, caused by successive exposures to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development, leading to enamel with lower mineral content and increased porosity. Dental fluorosis is a defect of the teeth marked by increased porosity of the enamel a condition known as hypomineralization.
National programme for prevention and control of fluorosis. The severity of fluorosis increases with the dose of fluoride the child consumes, and can be exacerbated by nutritional deficiencies and kidney impairment. Other things that can cause fluorosis, are taking a higherthan. May 01, 2020 dental fluorosis is a cosmetic condition that results when a child under eight consumes too much fluoride while the teeth are forming. Dental fluorosis treatment can improve the individuals ohrqol.
Effects of calcium on drinking fluorosisinduced hippocampal. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title fluorosis. While architecture diagrams are very helpful in conceptualizing the architecture of your app according to the particular aws service you are going to use, they are also useful when it comes to creating presentations, whitepapers, posters, dashsheets and. Although there has been an increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis over the past 30 to 40 years, it has generally been attributed to the widespread intake of fluoride from sources other than drinking water, such as toothpastes, mouth rinses, fluoride supplements fluoridated salt or milk, as well as locally applied dental gels. The fluoride interferes with the proper crystalline development of tooth enamel, causing hypomineralization. People are most susceptible to dental fluorosis between birth and age 14 which is the developmental phases of the permanent teeth. Fluoride intake mgkgday when exposed permanent teeth infected dental fluorosis severity 0. Note the distribution pattern of any defects and decide if they are typical of fluorosis i. Drinkingwater fluorosis cases are distributed in 28 provinces, provincial cities, and autonomous regions in 18 counties. The template design can be used to make presentations on engineering and architecture topicsplanning and building technology, engineering plans, and architecture design, or construction industry. Fluorosis a chronic disease caused by prolonged excessive ingestion of fluorine. Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum caused by skeletal fluorosis.
Fluorosis affects nearly one in every four americans ages 6 to 49. Ingestion of excess fluoride, most commonly in drinkingwater affects the teeth and bones. Diagnosis urine and bone fluoride levels varies directly with fluoride intake normal urine 0. With an aim to prevent and control fluorosis cases, government of india initiated the national programme for prevention and control. Choose from 22 different sets of fluorosis flashcards on quizlet. Architects how to pull off an amazing presentation.
A novel software analysis technique was designed to overcome the difference in presentation of caries discreet lesions and fluorosis diffuse. Connect with a powerpoint expert who can custom design your presentation. Contents introduction magnitude of fluorosis world and india. Fluorosis definition of fluorosis by merriamwebster. Componentbased software engineering ppt chapter 10. Nov 28, 2016 fluorosis, a disabling disease, is caused by drinking fluoride contaminated water. Pregnant mothers are most vulnerable to this disease. A chronic lowlevel intoxication that occurs where drinking water has fluoride concentrations above 2 ppm fluorosis chronic fluoride poisoning toxicology a chronic lowlevel intoxication that occurs where drinking water has fluoride 2 ppm clinical weight loss, brittle bones, anemia, weakness, ill health, stiffness of joints, mottled enamel and chalky white discolored teeth with a normal. The purpose of this article is to report various treatment options available for dental fluorosis.
Skeletal fluorosis can be caused by cryolite na 3 alf 6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate, and the disease was first. If the two teeth are not equally affected score on the least affected. Exposure to fluoride in optimum amounts about one part per million of fluoride to water is claimed to be beneficial to the teeth in the prevention of caries and probably to bone development. Your friends and colleagues wont believe how ridiculously good your presentations look. Associations between fluoride intakes, bone outcomes and dental. The newly redesigned zoho show is a clean take on traditional presentation apps. Sign up or login to train in deans index of fluorosis. Deans index is scored on the condition of these two teeth. Comparison of three fluorosis indexes in a namibian community with twice optimum fluoride in the drinking water.
With add, your design process is based on the systems architecturally significant requirements asrs, which include functional requirements, quality attribute requirements, and constraints. Layered architecture software architecture patterns. Please click here to reach the troubleshooting fix. Skeletal fluorosis, which is caused due to long term exposure of fluoride, does not seem to be a problem in tamil nadu with less than 1% prevalence. Think like an expert architect and create quality software using design patterns and principles. This article comes from madurai in india where its surrounding towns are fluorosis prone zones. Attributedriven design add is a systematic, stepbystep method that helps you design an effective architecture for software intensive systems. In the software design and architecture specialization, you will learn how to apply design principles, patterns, and architectures to create reusable and flexible software. Once teeth break through the gums, you cannot develop fluorosis. Data clearly indicate the prevalence of fluorosis as an endemic problem. In the permanent dentition, this would begin with the lower incisors, which complete mineralization at approximately 23 years of age, and end after mineralization of. Simply choose the perfect images, fonts and colors to make your presentation relay your message with gusto.
Fluorosis definition is an abnormal condition such as mottling of the teeth caused by fluorine or its compounds. The available data suggest that 15 states in india are endemic for fluorosis fluoride level in drinking water 1. You can add new slides with standard layouts, move text and images around on slides, and keep your style consistent with themes. The traditional criteria the dean index for diagnosing dental fluorosis was developed in the first half of the 20th century by h. Architecture is, increasingly, a crucial part of a software organizations business strategy. It results in major health disorders like dental fluorosis. Doctors circle worlds largest health platform 21,962 views. Slides on the left, tools on the right, and the slide youre working on in the center.
Dental fluorosis is caused by a higher than normal amount of fluoride ingestion whilst teeth are forming. Dental fluorosis is the name for a mottling condition of the teeth, usually whitish in color, caused by excessive amounts of fluoride becoming incorporated into the outer enamel layer of a tooth. Dont overuse colors to the extent that they would become a distraction, but also dont make your presentation too light and faded, or it might exhaust they eyes of the viewer and give an impression of weak effort. Learn software architecture from university of alberta. Enamel fluorosis and primary dentin fluorosis can only occur when teeth are forming, and therefore fluoride exposure as it relates to dental fluorosis occurs during childhood. Fluorosis is a crippling disease resulted from deposition of fluorides in the hard and soft tissues of body. Fluorosis is a major health problem in india with over 65 million people at risk and 6 million children seriously affected. Skeletal fluorosis can be caused by cryolite na 3 alf 6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate, and the disease was first recognized among workers processing cryolite. Skeletal fluorosis, a bone disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride in the bones.
1402 1549 596 1138 1505 1524 670 488 1636 521 749 333 917 528 9 1240 775 67 1566 1018 394 1471 276 292 715 186 720 773